How a Government Shutdown Could Affect You

Find out how it could impact your Social Security, Medicare, travel and more

Kenneth Terrell and Susan Milligan,

Updated October 13, 2025

AARP

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En español

Published September 25, 2023

/ Updated October 13, 2025

interior of the capitol rotunda inside the dome looking up next to a large statue

The Rotunda at the U.S. Capitol.

AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite

The government shut down at 12:01 a.m. Oct. 1 after Congress was unable reach a deal to continue funding federal operations after the 2025 fiscal year ended in September. Most federal agencies, many of them in the midst of adapting to layoffs and other cuts to resources implemented earlier this year, have temporarily curtailed operations.

During a shutdown, certain government activities deemed “essential” continue even without a federal funding deal. Tens of millions of Americans will continue to receive their Social Security, Medicare and veterans’ benefits, for example. People are still able to get their letters and prescription drugs delivered through the U.S. mail, among other essential services.

But many government functions and services have come to a halt, with significant impacts on older Americans. Hundreds of thousands of federal workers have been furloughed, and those whose jobs are deemed essential are working without pay, pending reimbursement when a funding package is ultimately approved.

The last time large portions of the federal government shut down was from Dec. 22, 2018, to Jan. 25, 2019. That 35-day shutdown was the longest in history. It’s unclear how closely this shutdown's effects might mirror those of the 2019 shutdown.

Since 2019, Congress has repeatedly missed deadlines to adopt a budget but averted shutdowns by passing temporary spending bills called continuing resolutions. These stopgap measures keep the government functioning, typically at the previous year’s funding levels, while lawmakers negotiate the details of a new budget.

Here’s a look at how the shutdown could affect these vital services.

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Social Security

Social Security benefits will be paid as usual. They are considered mandatory spending, not subject to the annual congressional appropriations process, and have a dedicated funding source — the payroll taxes most U.S. workers pay on their earnings.

However, Congress does determine how much the Social Security Administration can spend on operations, and customer service can be affected by a shutdown. According to the SSA’s shutdown contingency plan, most routine services will continue, including processing applications for benefits, hearing cases on appeal, and issuing new and replacement Social Security cards. Field offices and phone lines remain open.

A few customer services that are not considered essential will be suspended, according to the plan, including benefit verifications.

Medicare

Like Social Security payments, Medicare benefits are mandatory spending and will largely continue as normal. Enrollees can still go to the doctor or hospital and get their drug prescriptions filled. Depending on how long a shutdown lasts, medical providers could see a lag in their payments.

If you want to enroll in Medicare during a shutdown, you can still go to ssa.gov and fill out an application. The Medicare hotline (800-633-4227) will continue to operate.

One service that isn't available is replacing a Medicare card. Those are generated by the Social Security Administration, which says it won’t issue replacement Medicare cards during a shutdown. Telehealth services also may not be available starting this month, due to lapsed funding. More than 6 million Medicare-eligible adults used telehealth services last year, according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Mail delivery

Letters and packages are being delivered as usual, and post office branches remain open. The U.S. Postal Service is an independent agency, and because it does not depend on the federal budget for its funding, it isn't affected by a shutdown.

Veterans

Most government services for military veterans and their families will continue during a shutdown, including within the Veterans Health Administration. VA hospitals remain open and fully staffed. The Tricare health insurance program continues to operate as usual. Veterans will still get their pension benefits, and claims will continue to be processed.

VA benefits regional offices and call centers for GI bill assistance, and National Cemetery Applicant Assistance will be closed during a shutdown. Grounds maintenance and placement of permanent headstones at VA cemeteries are also halted, but burials and applications for burial benefits processing will continue.

Federal workers and retirees

The federal government is the country’s largest employer, with more than 2.1 million workers, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Based on an analysis of federal agencies’ shutdown plans, the Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 750,000 have been furloughed.

Retired federal employees continue to receive their pensions on schedule. They are paid from the Civil Service and Disability Trust Fund, which is not dependent on the annual appropriations process, according to the National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association (NARFE), a nonprofit that advocates for current and former federal workers.

NARFE estimates that approximately 2.7 million retirees and their survivors receive federal pensions. Those payments are processed by the federal Office of Personnel Management (OPM), most employees of which are still on the job because they are considered essential workers or their salaries are not funded through the appropriations process.

Transportation

Air travel: Commercial flights will continue as usual. Air traffic controllers and airport security screeners are considered essential workers, so they remain on the job.

However, if you’re traveling by plane, you may want to get to the airport a little earlier than usual. During the partial government shutdown of 2018–2019, security lines at some airports were longer than usual because many TSA screeners — who, like other essential federal workers, were required to work without being paid — called in sick.

Train travel: Amtrak trains will continue running as usual. Although federally owned, Amtrak is chartered as a private corporation and not subject to a government shutdown. During the 2018–2019 shutdown, Amtrak service was not affected.

Passports: The U.S. State Department will continue to issue and renew passports and visas. Routine passport applications can be completed at most post offices, which remain open during a government shutdown. However, passport offices located in federal buildings may be closed, so it is a good idea to check before visiting one.

Food safety

Meat, poultry, eggs and various species of catfish that are processed at nearly 7,100 commercial facilities in the U.S. will continue to be inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service. It’s not clear how other food-processing facilities — such as cereal makers, ice cream plants and cheese factories — will be affected. During the 2018–2019 shutdown, routine Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspections were initially stopped. Some were later restored.

Drug safety

The FDA will continue to approve medications, inspect drug-manufacturing facilities and regulate tobacco products, as these functions are paid for by user fees. It will also continue to address imminent threats to human health or life, including outbreaks of foodborne illness and infectious diseases, product recalls and drug shortages.

Nutrition

The Department of Agriculture, which runs federal food assistance programs for lower-income families, has indicated in the past that these benefits “will continue to the extent that funds … are available to support those programs.” This includes the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

In previous shutdowns, that has meant that benefits go out as usual during the first month, but if the government remains unfunded after 30 days, recipients could see benefit delays.

National parks and monuments

For now, national park roads, trails, lookouts and other open spaces are generally open to visitors, according to the National Park Service’s contingency plan. But parks without accessible areas will be closed, and many services may be limited or unavailable.

During the 2018–2019 shutdown, most of the parks remained open but with very limited services and staffing. While people were able to visit many of the parks and landmarks during that shutdown, park employees were furloughed and visitors faced mounting trash and uncleaned restrooms.

The Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian operates 21 museums, most of them in Washington, D.C., and the National Zoo, also in Washington. It gets about 62 percent of its funding from the federal government and the rest from private sources.

During a shutdown, the Smithsonian can keep its facilities open using what’s left of its funding from the previous fiscal year, but it closes sites when that money is exhausted. That happened Oct. 11, and the Smithsonian’s museums, research centers and the National Zoo are now “temporarily closed” due to the shutdown, according to a message on its website.

Randy Lilleston, Andy Markowitz, Deirdre Shesgreen and Peter Urban contributed to this article.