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Like them or not, cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum continue to march into the financial mainstream, and the next frontier could be retirement savings.
In late May, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) rescinded prior federal guidance that discouraged 401(k) plan providers from offering crypto on their investment menus. While that isn’t necessarily an official stamp of approval — the DOL said it is maintaining a “neutral stance” on adding crypto to retirement plans — it does further open the door for a digital asset option.
“You probably will see some retirement plans start to offer crypto,” says Amy Arnott, a portfolio strategist with Chicago-based investment research firm Morningstar. “But there might be some reluctance, given fiduciary considerations, about whether it is prudent to offer something with such volatility within retirement plans.”
In a November 2024 report, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) identified 69 cryptocurrency asset investment options available to 401(k) participants via methods like self-directed brokerage windows. That followed the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds in January 2024, which allowed for easy trading on major investing platforms.
As with any portfolio decision, you should evaluate whether crypto is an appropriate retirement investment based on your age, financial goals and risk tolerance. Making that assessment, however, can be tricky given the nature of the asset. Cryptocurrency isn’t like a business that generates sales, makes profits and pays dividends — it’s a speculative play, and its value can shoot up or crater on a dime. As a result, some analysts say Bitcoin has no place in retirement portfolios. “I think it’s a terrible idea,” says Alicia Munnell, a senior adviser at Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research. “People should invest in things they understand, and most people don’t even understand what Bitcoin is.”
But some financial advisers like cryptocurrency, especially as a long-term investment, and say people shouldn’t rule it out from their 401(k).
Here are a few things to consider if cryptocurrency options pop up in your retirement plan.
Pro: It’s not hard to add to your portfolio
Many mom-and-pop investors have been skeptical about buying crypto assets, since the field is still relatively new and unfamiliar to a lot of people. But federal approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), backed by major industry players like BlackRock, has opened crypto ownership to a wider universe of investors.
“That has allowed people to access Bitcoin through brokerage platforms and made it much more accessible,” says Jay Jacobs, BlackRock’s U.S. head of equity ETFs. “It has been a major driver of growth.”
For instance, iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), a BlackRock exchange-traded fund, had $86 billion in assets at the end of July, and “roughly half is from individual investors, buying through brokerage platforms directly,” Jacobs says.
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