Am I entitled to my ex-spouse's Social Security?

Possibly. You are eligible to collect benefits on a living former spouse’s earnings record as long as:

• The marriage lasted at least 10 years.
• You have not remarried.
• You are at least 62 years of age.
• Your ex-spouse is entitled to collect Social Security retirement or disability benefits. 

Your former spouse doesn't have to be collecting his or her retirement benefits yet for you to claim divorced-spouse benefits. However, if this is the case, the divorce must be at least two years old. (There is no such requirement if your ex is already receiving benefits.)

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The most you can collect in divorced-spouse benefits is 50 percent of your former mate's primary insurance amount — the monthly payment he or she is entitled to at full retirement age, which is 66 and 10 months for people born in 1959 and 67 for those born in 1960 or later.

You can get that maximum if you file for ex-spouse benefits when you reach full retirement age. If you claim earlier, the benefit amount is reduced — it can be as low as 32.5 percent of your ex’s full benefit if you file at 62.

The earliest you can apply for divorced-spouse benefits is three months before your 62nd birthday. You can do so online, by phone at 800-772-1213, or by making an appointment at your local Social Security office. You may need to provide documents to show eligibility, including proof of U.S. citizenship or legal immigration status, a marriage certificate, and a divorce decree.

Keep in mind

• You can claim ex-spouse benefits if you are already receiving retirement benefits on your own work record, but Social Security will not pay you both combined. You’ll receive whichever amount is higher and no more.
• Any benefits you receive as a divorced spouse do not affect Social Security benefits paid to your ex, or to their current spouse if they have remarried.
• If your ex-spouse is deceased, you may be entitled to survivor benefits under different eligibility rules.