7 Super Secrets of the Super Agers

That makes sense: A recent three-year Danish study found that depression doubled risk for dementia, and a 2023 study found that those with the perceived high stress levels had a 37 percent higher risk for memory problems compared with those reporting low stress levels. Another study found that older adults with depression who got treatment — including medication and talk therapy — were up to 32 percent less likely to develop dementia over 10 to 14 years than those who didn’t get help. A fourth study found that those whose anxiety improved with talk therapy lowered their risk for later dementia by 17 percent.

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4. Super agers protect their vision and hearing.

Researchers speculate that the brain may neglect memory processing as it instead puts extra effort into decoding blurry, muted signals from the world around us. A 2022 University of Toronto study of 5.4 million older Americans, age 65-plus, found serious cognitive problems for 28 percent of people with vision loss, 20 percent of those with hearing loss and 50 percent of those who had both poor vision and poor hearing.

Caring for your eyes and ears can pay off: University of Washington researchers found that at-risk older adults who received hearing aids showed thinking and memory losses that were 48 percent slower compared with those who didn’t get hearing aids. Similarly, a study of older adults with cataracts found that those who had cataract surgery had a 29 percent lower risk for dementia for up to 24 years compared with those who did not have the procedure. Getting help for poor vision — such as eyeglasses and cataract surgery — could have prevented 100,000 current cases of dementia in the U.S., according to a 2021 study.

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5. Super agers prioritize sleep.

During slumber, your brain clears away toxic waste that builds up early in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. A 2022 Canadian study found that trouble falling or staying asleep three or more nights per week for three months boosted the risk for worsening memory in older adults.

“Good sleep is really important for maintaining brain health,” says Jeff D. Williamson, professor, gerontology and geriatric medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, who suggests discussing sleep issues with your doctor. Don’t rely on over-the-counter and prescription sleep drugs on a regular basis. Chronic use of prescription sleep drugs boosted the risk for dementia by 48 percent over six and a half years in a 2021 University of Minnesota study of 4,197 at-risk people in their 70s.

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6. Super agers do more than Wordle.

Super agers did crossword puzzles and Sudoku games more often than “normal agers” in the Spanish study. They were also more likely to frequently read, listen to music, go to concerts and movies, travel, play cards and board games, do something creative such as handicrafts or performing in a play, and attend lectures. “Variety is beneficial,” says brain-game researcher Aaron Seitz, professor of psychology, physical therapy, art and design at Northeastern University. “Your brain needs to do a lot of different things. If we want to do them well, science and common sense suggest exercising it in a lot of different ways.” Super agers tend to move out of their comfort zones and share a willingness to endure discomfort to master a new skill such as playing a musical instrument or learning a language.

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7. Super agers talk to their friends — a lot.

Older adults who connected every day with others had less shrinkage in key brain areas than those who seldom had contact with pals and relatives, according to a 2023 Japanese study in the journal Neurology. Perhaps that’s why memory declined fastest and furthest in people who felt lonely most often, in a 2022 University of Michigan study that tracked 9,032 U.S. adults for 20 years.