AARP Hearing Center
What Do I Need to Know About Blood Thinners?
How to take them safely, what precautions to observe and when to consult your doctor
VIDEO: Dr. Adam Breaks Down How to Recognize the Symptoms of a Blood Clot
I was just put on blood thinners, and it feels scary. What should I do about it?
If I could sit across from you in my office right now, the first thing I would tell you is this: Don’t let the words blood thinners scare you. These medications save lives, and I’d much rather have you understand the drug than fear it. More than 8 million Americans take blood thinners, and the majority are older adults like you.
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The first question I always encourage patients to ask is, “Why am I taking this drug?” One of the most common reasons people are prescribed blood thinners is to treat atrial fibrillation. This is an irregular heartbeat that greatly increases the risk of forming a blood clot, which could lead to a stroke. Other conditions that warrant blood thinners to prevent blood clots include heart valve surgery or replacement and deep vein thrombosis. Once you understand how the medication is protecting you, it’s often easier to appreciate why taking it is so important.
It might also ease your anxiety to learn that today’s blood thinners are easier to manage than the medications we used years ago. Many patients no longer require frequent blood tests or complicated dietary restrictions, and newer medications have proven both safe and highly effective when used appropriately.
That doesn’t mean you don’t need to take precautions. The biggest concern is bleeding. Because blood thinners make it harder for blood to clot, even injuries that seem minor deserve more attention. If you’re involved in a sport that increases your risk of falling — for example, skiing, skating, outdoor biking or horseback riding — we need to discuss how to reduce your chance of injury. In those instances, wearing a helmet isn’t optional; it’s essential.
Another point I can’t emphasize enough is what you should do if you experience a fall. If you hit your head, even if you don’t lose consciousness and feel perfectly fine, I want you to contact your health care provider right away. Internal bleeding isn’t always immediately obvious, and symptoms can develop hours later.
It’s just as important to take your medication exactly as prescribed. Please don’t skip doses, and don’t double up if you miss one, unless your doctor specifically tells you to do so. Blood thinners work best when taken consistently. If remembering is difficult, a pill organizer or phone reminder can make all the difference.
I also want you to know that blood thinners don’t exist in a vacuum. Always tell each of your health care providers — including your dentist — that you’re taking one. Before starting any prescription medication, over-the-counter pain reliever, vitamin or herbal supplement, check with your physician or pharmacist. Medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) can significantly increase your risk of bleeding and should generally be avoided unless your doctor recommends them. Aspirin can also increase the risk of internal bleeding, so talk to your doctor before taking it.
Alcohol deserves a mention, too. While many people can still enjoy an occasional drink, alcohol increases the likelihood of falls and may also increase bleeding risk. That’s why it’s worth asking your doctor what’s appropriate for you rather than assuming your old routine is still safe.
You may notice that you bruise more easily. While bruising can look dramatic, it’s usually a benign side effect rather than a dangerous one. What concerns me more is unusual bleeding, black or tarry stools, increasing weakness, severe dizziness or shortness of breath. Those symptoms warrant immediate medical attention.
One final thought: Blood thinners aren’t always a lifetime commitment. Depending on why you’re taking one and how your health changes over the years, newer procedures or devices may eventually become an alternative. That’s another reason why routinely reviewing your medication with your doctor is so important.
Blood thinners are powerful medications, but they’re also powerful protectors. The more you understand them, the more you can relax. Learn why you need blood thinners, take your medication exactly as directed and never hesitate to ask questions. An informed patient is always a safer patient.
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