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Pavement Markings Are Key to Safety but Can Be Confusing

Changes in rules of the road explained

spinner image Husband and wife driving convertible along coastal road at sunrise
Thomas Barwick/Getty Images

Pavement markings are all around, and it's easy to drive as we presume they intend us to while going about our motorized ways.

But those lines on the pavement aren't always as simple as they seem.

For example, you might remember being taught that a yellow line in your lane means not only don't pass but also don't cross it at all. How confusing, then, to see on a main road a wide center area marked with fat turn arrows so you can get out of the flow of traffic and into the turn lane to make a left into parking lots for offices and shopping centers.

To do that, though, you must cross a yellow line.

Legal?

"I would be confused,” says John Townsend, spokesman for AAA, the motorists organization formerly called the American Automobile Association. Townsend wrestled the Code of Virginia over the matter and won, finding a section that allows you to violate the yellow line “when turning left for the purpose of entering or leaving a public, private or commercial road or entrance.

Even if it's a double yellow, it's OK to cross when turning left or when you must slide over to avoid hitting a pedestrian or person-powered vehicle such as a bicycle or skateboard, the Virginia Code says.

Townsend recalls driver education classes insisting it was wrong to cross over a yellow line, period. A lot of us probably were taught that. Or think we were.

"It's important to know the rules of the road,” which might differ from what you thought you were taught as a new driver, he says.

"We only take the driver's test, and that's the last time we look at the rules. One result: You could get a ticket and go to court and it's a wrongful ticket” that you could avoid, he says.

Each state has its own traffic codes, and towns and cities sometimes further refine those. So be sure you know the rules of your particular road.

Before you get flummoxed by yellow lines and turn lanes, here are some basics that should be universal:

• White lane markings are the most common. Solid white lines define lanes of traffic going in the same direction, or they show you the location of the shoulder of the road. Broken or “dotted” white lines are used to show the center line between lanes.

• Yellow lines show you where traffic is going in different directions. Stay on your side of the yellow line and you'll avoid nasty head-on collisions with folks coming the opposite way.

With such a dire consequence for ignoring the yellow line, you can see why it might be common to think you never, ever should cross it. From our Virginia example, you see that it's sometimes permitted to cross a yellow line.

Think of people who live along narrow, winding roads chockablock with yellow lines down the center to minimize dangerous passing. How would residents ever turn left into their own driveways if crossing a yellow line weren't permitted sometimes?

Illustrations can make that, and other markings, easier to understand.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing two directions

Multilane, two-direction roads

Stay on your own side of the double yellow line that's down the center of the road. If you need to pass another vehicle, do so using lanes on your own side of the yellow.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing prohibited, Driving Resource Center

Two-lane, two-direction, no-passing roads

These are where you reach into your “patience” pocket and trot out as much as you have. You can't legally pass somebody because that would take you across the double yellow line into oncoming traffic.

Even if it were legal, it wouldn't be very smart.

But remember, you can cross that double yellow line if you're making a left turn, assuming that's permitted on the street where you're driving . As Townsend said, know your specific location's rules of the road.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing prohibited, Driving Resource Center

Two-lane, two-direction roads with some passing

When the solid yellow line is on your side of the road, you can’t cross it to pass. On the other side, you can if it’s safe to do so.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing prohibited, Driving Resource Center

Two-direction roads with a center turn lane

You can cross a solid yellow line on your side of the road to get into the center left-turn lane. But keep your eyes on traffic coming the other direction because those cars also have the right to use the same turn lane.

This layout gives you permission to move out of moving traffic and into the turn lane to make the turn when it is safe to do so.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing prohibited, Driving Resource Center

Restricted lanes

Multilane two-way roads sometimes have lanes stenciled with diamond shapes on the pavement. That usually means those lanes are for high-occupancy vehicles (HOV), sometimes called car pool vehicles.

Roadside signs should help you decipher how and when you can use those lanes. Sometimes the restricted lanes are open to all traffic outside of certain hours.

spinner image Pavement markings, Two-lane, two-way roadway, passing prohibited, Driving Resource Center

Reversible lanes

These lanes are set aside to speed traffic in one direction or another at certain times of the day — in the morning, say, as commuters are heading into the city for work and in the afternoon to let people get out of town faster.

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Sometimes shoulders of the road are open for traffic during the reversible-lane hours. Other times a center lane is the reversible one, the entrances blocked with gates or barricades to keep wrong-way traffic off the lanes.

Signs and sometimes overhead lights help you know when it's acceptable to use the reversible lane. It's critical to know your area's specific regulations about reversible lanes because you don't want to be caught trying to go out on the inbound lane or vice versa.

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