Market Downturn? Here Are 4 Ways to Ease the Pain

But don’t buy clunker stocks on sale. Instead, buy shares of companies that are number one or number two in market share in their line of business and have pricing power that enables healthy profits to keep rolling in, Hoernicke says. Research companies on your own, if you're confident doing so, or consult a financial adviser. 

2. Consider a Roth IRA conversion

With stock prices depressed, now could be a good time to convert a traditional IRA or qualified employer-sponsored retirement account into a Roth IRA . Those accounts were funded with pretax dollars and require you to pay taxes on withdrawals. The benefit of the Roth is you’ll pay zero taxes on withdrawals for life, provided you don’t tap the account for five years. You’ll also avoid having to pay required minimum distributions (RMDs) during your lifetime (regular IRAs make you take RMDs starting at age 73). Another plus is you will be able to pass on tax-free assets to heirs.

The catch? You’ll have to pay taxes now at your ordinary income rate on the dollar amount you convert to the Roth IRA.

Doing a conversion in a down market can make sense, mainly because the dollar value of the IRA is now lower due to the stock market's decline, which means you’ll pay less taxes on the conversion than you would when stock prices were at the market peak.

Let’s say you want to convert your entire IRA balance — now valued at $100,000, down from a pre-bear value of $125,000 — to a Roth. You’ll benefit in two ways. First, your tax hit will be lower because your account will be $25,000 lower. Second, you’ll be moving the same number of shares despite the loss in the IRA’s value, which means you’ll be better able to take advantage of the market rebound. “When the recovery comes, all your shares will be inside a tax-free account,” says Tim Steffen, director of advanced planning at Baird, a money-management firm. And the more shares you convert now into the tax-free Roth IRA, the bigger potential payday you can get years down the road in retirement when those share prices appreciate under the Roth umbrella.

A Roth conversion works best if you won’t need the money for at least five years, as IRS rules forbid tax-free withdrawals until at least five years after you first contributed to the account. A Roth makes most sense if you expect to be in the same or higher tax bracket during retirement. It’s also better if you have available cash to pay the tax bill without using the IRA funds, as you want as many shares as possible in the IRA to benefit from future growth. A Roth IRA conversion makes less sense if the dollar amount being converted pushes you into a higher tax bracket in the tax year that you do the conversion, or if you think you will be in a much lower tax bracket when you retire.

The tax benefits of a Roth IRA are also less impressive if you live in or plan to relocate to a state with no or lower state income tax.

3. Sell losing stocks to lower your tax bill

Sure, it’s a drag when your stock investments decline in value and are now worth less on paper than when you bought your shares. But the fact is portfolio losses do have some value, and they are especially valuable when it comes to trimming your tax bill.

Bear markets are a good time to do what's called tax-loss harvesting, says SoFi’s Walsh. Simply put, it’s when “you turn paper losses into real losses in order to save money on taxes,” Walsh says.

When you sell lemon stocks, you can use the losses to offset taxable capital gains incurred from your winners. Once you’ve used losses to offset all your capital gains, you can use losses to offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income on your tax return. And if you still have losses left over, you can carry over those losses to future tax years.

Let’s say you have a $20,000 gain on financial stocks in 2025, but you have $25,000 losses on hard-hit technology stocks. If you sell your technology stocks, you can use the $25,000 in losses to offset your $20,000 gain. You can also offset $3,000 of ordinary income, and you can carry over the leftover $2,000 in losses to future tax years to offset gains.

4. Rebalance your portfolio

Now’s not the time to treat your portfolio in a willy-nilly fashion. It’s time to be disciplined — and that means making sure your portfolio’s mix of stocks and bonds doesn’t get too out of whack due to market gyrations.

Even though your financial plan calls for 60 percent stocks, the bear market might have trimmed your stock holdings to just 50 percent of your portfolio. So now’s the time to sell other assets in your portfolio that currently make up a larger chunk of your holdings and buy beaten-down stocks to get your stock allocation back up to 60 percent.

“Portfolio rebalancing,” says SoFi’s Walsh, “can generate long-term improvements” in your returns. “You are selling out of investments that are winners and buying into losers. So you are buying more shares of investments that are down in price and that can help your money grow over a long period of time.”