In song, the gifts of Christmas include partridges, turtle doves and French hens. But scammers seek a different type of bird — pigeons who'll fall for their holiday-themed hoaxes. To commemorate those lyrical dozen days, here are 12 tips to avoid getting plucked this holiday season.

1. When doing online searches for names of popular gifts — or even words like "toys" and "discount" — never click on links before you carefully read the website's address.

Never trust offers that come after you lose a bid in an online auction. — iStock

Beware of unfamiliar vendors or ones whose addresses have missing letters, misspellings or other tweaks of a legitimate company's name (such as www.tiffanyco.mn instead of the legit www.tiffany.com). Click on these bum addresses and you may be steered to a scammer-run site that unleashes rogue programs known as malware onto your computer. Or you may be taken to a "cybersquatting" site that poses as a legitimate company's online outpost to sell cheap counterfeit goods and collect credit card numbers.

2. Before ordering, check the site's "Contact Us" page for a phone number and physical address and a "Terms and Conditions" page for return policies and such. Bogus websites often don't have those pages at all or have crude imitations (being loaded with grammatical errors is one tip-off).

3. When buying gifts online, don't provide your credit card or other information unless the page's address begins with "https://" The "s" is for "secure."

4. Never trust offers that come after you lose a bid in an online auction. You may be told you can get the same thing offsite. It's probably a scam.

5. At online marketplaces sites such as Craigslist, deal only with sellers who provide a phone number. Call the number and speak with the person. Don't rely solely on email correspondence. Assume that any request for wire-transfer payment means a scam.

6. Don't believe "too-good-to-be-true" prices from sellers who claim to be soldiers needing a quick deal before deployment overseas or cite hard-luck stories. They are common tricks to get advance payment — and you'll likely get no merchandise.

7. Get gift cards only at a store's staffed customer service or check-out counters or at its website. Don't get them at untended display racks in the store, where fraudsters can peel off stickers or use scanners to glean codes. The crooks use the codes to make purchases after you buy the card and have it activated.

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