
.
“Our local zoo had for years one of the biggest African lions I’ve ever seen. A huge male, nearly five hundred pounds, with a wonderful mane and absolutely enormous paws.
.
Panthera leo. The King of the Beasts. Sure, he was caged, but I’m telling you the bars offered small comfort when you stood within six feet of something that in any other situation saw you as an easy lunch. Honestly, I felt I ought to shepherd my boys past him at a safe distance, as if he could pounce on us if he really wanted to. Yet he was my favorite, and whenever the others would wander on to the monkey house or the tigers, I’d double back just for few more minutes in the presence of someone so powerful and noble and deadly. Perhaps it was fear mingled with admiration; perhaps it was simply that my heart broke for the big old cat.
.
This wonderful, terrible creature should have been out roaming the savanna, ruling his pride, striking fear into the heart of every wildebeest, bringing down zebras and gazelles whenever the urge seized him. Instead, he spent every hour of every day and every night of every year alone, in a cage smaller than your bedroom, his food served him through a little metal door. Sometimes late at night, after the city had gone to sleep, I would hear his roar come down from the hills. It sounded not so much fierce, but rather mournful.
.
During all my visits, he never looked me in the eye. I desperately wanted him to, wanted for his sake the chance to stare me down, would have loved it if he took a swipe at me.
.
But he just lay there, weary with that deep weariness that comes from boredom, taking shallow breaths, rolling now and then from side to side.
.
For after years of living in a cage, a lion no longer even believes it is a lion…..and a man no longer believes he is a man.”[1][2]
.
.
.A pride of lions has a primeval character about it; sort of like an ancient tribe of hunter-gatherers. The male does virtually no work; he just breeds the females, plays with the cubs, and drives off other males. The lionesses do most of the work. For a few short years, he survives this way; king of his own kingdom. Then, some younger, more powerful male defeats him and drives him away. And his reign is over.
.
Lions and men have a lot in common. When we are young, we have a kingdom to found, a pride to create. The dream lies before us. The dream happens, or our chance for the dream passes, and then it is over so quickly. Society though makes it all too easy. The tribal way is not man’s way but woman’s. In a way, both society’s roles and man’s family roles turn out to be cages instead of dreams. There is something bred into men and lions—something fierce…passionate…wild…that dies in these cages. Sometimes, boys are drawn out into gangs and wars by that wild need. Sometimes, it is repressed by mothers and wives and children who need his attention and ‘protection’ and sometimes it is stamped out by years of routine, repetition of meaningless work in the work place.
.
Lion symbolizes the heart, masculine strength and courage, yet the real lives of men seem a universe away from the desires of his heart. What does he want? He wants a reason to be. He wants a purpose. Without a great battle in which to live or die, the fierce part of his nature goes underground, into his unconscious mind, and simmers there in a sullen anger that he can’t explain. Each year that passes drives another nail into his feet, like Jesus on the Cross, as he sacrifices his need to “be something” for others.
.
Men past forty
Get up nights, look out at city lights
And wonder
Where they made the wrong turn
And why life is so long.
.
What is it that is wrong? Most men don’t even know. We only know that we are restless, discontent, angry about the way our lives have turned out. We pursue the things we’re told are the marks of success: power, wealth, fame, the most desirable women. But once achieved, they turn out to be not enough. The heart is not satisfied with these goals.
.
Ancient sages classified the masculine as “sun beings.” And the sun is the domain of individuality, ego-consciousness, which is separate and self-satisfying. The feminine, on the other hand, are “moon beings” which are tribal, collective, and group satisfying.
.
Faced with the danger of life in the wild, the tribe comes first. Faced with the dangers of economic ruin in modern society, so too does the tribe come first. Men want to make a difference as an individual. They require a sense of self, a sense of personal pride, the feeling of being self-reliant and independent. That is not possible if one is to be a success in an organization or in a family. Woman want bonding, unity, domestication, collective identity, joint responsibility, and mutual dependence.
.
Wives see that “making a difference” is a collective issue: raising a family, raising and caring for children, providing for the family unit. And it is! And in the modern workplace, the individual ego has no lasting place; it is the preservation of the collective organization that matters. Only the “top cat” in an organization can act the part of King of Beasts. Other males must circle and watch from a distance. They never win their Pride.
.
A man must do.
He must disengage from the mother
And find his way of “doing,”
Which is a way of pain.
A woman has only to be.
.[3]
Losing their pride causes men to feel they are not men. Beneath their “public face” such men know they are a sham; they feel weak; they feel a failure. And they hate their weakness and insufficiency. Their frustrated passions turn dark. They become distant, abusive, controlling, angry at the wives and children, wander off into affairs, or lose themselves in strong drink. Or their self-hate turns them into hyenas, slinking around, hating themselves and their lives.
.
Sometimes, men’s wives emasculate their self-doubting men. Women are often attracted to the wilder side of a man, but once having caught him, they set about domesticating him. If he gives in, he’ll always resent her for it, and his passion for her will fade.
.
So society “puts men in a cage” to control them. Wives do too. Employers do too. Why?
.
Because there is something dangerous, unpredictable, and unreliable about the masculine in a tribal society. Like a male lion, there is an instinctive violence in the masculine soul that is there for a reason. Nature puts it there. As a warrior or a hunter, he may be required to die for the good of the tribe, and he must have a natural fierceness of heart that leads him to face death with a sense of joy that he has discovered his purpose and meaning in nature. Ninety percent of all incarcerated felons are male for a reason. Women seldom commit the violence against other people as do men. Men never fully escape the restlessness that seethes within them, that keeps them from finding peaceful acceptance of society’s branding.
.
Modern society, employers and families have no need for such fierceness of intent. Instead, they have a need for eunuchs: workers or providers without spirit, sense of self, or desire to rebel, who can be depended upon to work year after year without individuality. Equality is not the rule of the King of Beasts; dominance is. Equality is the rule of matriarchy. Women’s rule castrates men, as bureaucracy castrates its male employees; and in many cases, so too do wives their husbands. Those who survive rely on cunning, politics and lies to make their way through the corporate or bureaucratic forests they inhabit.
.
Men’s mid-life crisis is a wake up call to such men. They are still tied to their mother’s needs. They are called to become the men they had never chosen to be. Wives, alarmed at the uncharacteristic behavior and feelings of rage and resentment their husbands experience at this time, panic and try to hold onto them, to bring them back into accustomed roles. And so end many marriages to wives who never understood the animal they married nor the male energies within themselves.
.
When the old lion has lost his pride, there is little more that he can do but wander off to be alone, as so many men do: retiring early, turning away from careers, families, humdrum lives, dead dreams, to discover who they are and what is missing in their lives. What they are missing is feeling alive, knowing who they are, having a sense that their masculinity has made a difference, feeling that their purpose in nature has been fulfilled. While many receive some measure of satisfaction knowing that they were good fathers, good husbands, good employees or team members, most still remain unsatisfied, feeling that they were never good enough!
.
When a lion, or a man for that matter, cannot love himself, he never gets his needs met sufficiently to be well with his life or himself.
.
Of course, women being true to their own nature cannot be held accountable for this.
.
They too have their individuality and need for true partnerships, for the voyage of married couples through life is hazardous as well and needs a steady hand at the tiller and a dependable crew. It is as though Nature arranged our lives, not for our individual happiness, but for the survival of the species. We are each perpetually in conflict yet need one another to be well!
.
Men, and women, play their roles in their youth, coupling and procreating, raising young, and then coming back to their unfinished business. Society meanwhile expects them to continue on in the pattern established early in life. But the unfinished business of life calls us to find out what remains to us after the duties to society and procreation have been met. And the only way this can be met is to turn away from society and family, their expectations, their needs and demands, and attend to oneself.
.
“Going in search of oneself” becomes the remaining task. And afterward? What can be started in old age? What might society make room for when an old lion is too old for the business of business, for raising families, for paying taxes and other adventures?”
.
Perhaps nothing, but to retire and wait. Perhaps everything has been completed. And men will lie in their cages, waiting to be fed, and Nature—no longer interested in us—turns to younger lions and lionesses to begin again the cycle of birth and dying.
.
John Eldridge, Wild at Heart: Discovering the Secret of a Man’s Soul (Nelson Books: 2003), p.40.
Ed Sussman Quote.
Diane K. Osbon, ed., Reflections on the Art of Living: A Joseph Campbell Companion, page 228.

.
Lately, I’ve been feeling kind of stuck. You know how it is. Doing the same things, everyday, until the routine begins to take the joy out of living. Sometimes, I need new things to be; and then again, sometimes I need to go back out into the woods where I can feel at peace again. So Grandfather came by and suggested we go back down to the river, where we could fool around, have some fun, talk about life.
.
We drove down Highway 64, crossed Jordon Lake, and then turned off by Pittsboro. The Haw River crosses 64 a few miles outside Pittsboro. We both like the river there. The river bed is filled with huge rocks perfect for just sitting, or fishing, or spotting birds. I see Great Blue Herons there all the time, an occasional eagle. But yesterday, the place is rocking with kids. The State declared the area as a North Carolina State Park recently, and now the river banks and waters are likely to be full of kids, fishermen, kayakers and canoers. With all the racket, it takes much of the pleasure out of the park experience.
.
Wildlife gets frightened away. You know how it is?
.
I was getting hot and sweaty—it was 95 degrees and sunny—and began to think about heading back to our (air-conditioned) car. Grandfather wasn’t quite ready yet, and pointed upstream with his chin.
.
“Let’s go up that way a bit,” he suggested.
.
I thought about the sweat rolling down my sides under my shirt, and said, “Okay.”
.
So we walked back through the woods and crossed over under the highway bridge. It wasn’t long before we noticed that there were no people up river. We began to hear bird calls, squirrels scrabbling up the pines, a Great Blue Heron startling up out of the water and winging further upstream. The spaces under the trees began to cool our heated skins, and I began to relax at last.
.
Further upstream, we encountered scattered stones pushing their way above the river surface, and I began feeling childlike, wondering how might it feel to venture out onto the river’s surface, high wiring across from stone to stone. When I was a kid, I wouldn’t think twice about it. But I’m 62 now, and a slip on the mossy stones could shatter an elbow or break a hip.
.
But those stones looked inviting, and I began to feel like trying it. It felt “dangerous!” Exciting. If I fell, what would most likely happen is that I would simply get wet! Grandfather said nothing; he just watched me looking at those stones like a kid and smiled to himself.
.
The first stones were easy—low to the water, well grounded in the stream—but of course, as I got out into the river, the rocks required step ups and downs, and some of the rocks looked treacherous. I had to begin making choices. There were easy looking paths that went waaaaaaaaay around, and there were direct paths which looked more unsuitable. I had to think about what criteria was right for choosing a path. Finally, I decided that common sense made a good criteria: take the long path if it was the easier. I wasn’t in any hurry to get across the river, so take the easy way I decided. I figured that said a lot about the kind of decision-maker I was, but at the same time saw that there wasn’t a “right” nor a “wrong” answer. It was just who I was.
.
Then, there were the looong steps to the next rock, and the small rocks where footing looked tenuous, and the rocks with no footing in the stream--which would turn under my foot if I didn’t step upon them at exactly the right angle. So I’m calculating as I go, balancing like a high wire artist; then in the water I go. Thankfully, the water doesn’t go over the top of my loafer, so I’m really thanking the gods, or somebody out there, for helping me stay upright.
.
I’m beginning to see that my little river adventure is really a lot like life: I’m learning about life by trying to walk across the river!
.
There are times when you just have to take a longer step than you feel comfortable with, and with some of those, you’re going to end up in the river. But if you are enjoying the adventure, it doesn’t hurt nearly so much. So I’m reviewing in my mind what is it that makes the difference: if you take your time and see it as fun, the mistakes aren’t nearly so painful or so often because you’ve thought them out ahead of time and took your steps with a smile and a dare. You can’t guess right every time, of course! And you don’t have to be perfect in your steps from rock to rock to successfully navigate the river. The rocks won’t move, you know. Just you decide when to step and where you’re going, and it gets easier. Don’t step before you’re ready. Don’t take silly risks unnecessarily. Take as long as you need. Don’t rush. There is really no point in it. The important thing is to enjoy your journey and don’t take silly risks for no reason.
.
So I catch a glimpse of Grandfather behind me. He’s just stepping calmly from stone to stone like he was walking in the woods. His balance seems perfect! I’m wondering how he makes it look so easy, and I feel a hot rush of resentment. He is far older than me! He’s showing me up. Ignoring a handy rock handhold, I step across a long stretch, lose my balancing and windmill wildly from stone to stone to the far side. Embarrassed, I look back at Grandfather, but he’s just watching the river slide past his perch. Chagrined, I think I just got another lesson. Don’t show off. Don’t ignore a friendly helping hand just because I want others to see how hot I am.
.
Finally, on the other side, I revel in my adventure. It has been 50 years since I did anything so foolhardy and adventurous! Grandfather sits beside me and we enjoy a few moments rest. A small flock of geese are watching us warily from a short distance, and I can see a small creek that winds off into the woods. Someday, I think, I’m going to follow that branch off through the forest and see where it leads.
.
“That was fun!” I say. “Yup!,” he says, and smiles.
.
I’m thinking now about my car back at the parking lot. In order to get back, we’re going to have to go back across the river and retrace our steps back through the woods. Just like life, I’m thinking. I’ve spent my whole life getting here, and what does it mean. I’ve worked my way across a river, and I’m only on the other side of the river. Am I better off? No, I’m thinking. I’m just on the other side of the river. Both sides of the river look exactly the same. I spent my whole life working my ass off to get to retirement. The real question is, have I enjoyed the journey? Did I enjoy the company I shared, the friendships, the lovers. I realize how I spent most of my own life struggling to get ahead, worrying about promotions or people who seemed to be getting ahead of me, jealously guarding my turf or prerogatives, trying to hold on to what I had. I figure that was really pretty stupid of me.
.
I gave Grandfather a hug, thanked him for walking beside me as teacher and friend, and told him I loved him.
.
“Let’s go home!,” I said. And off we went again
.
"When we inquire into [psychologist Carl] Jung’s contribution to our culture, one virtue appears to me to stand out. Jung gave a distinct response to our culture’s most persistent psychological need—from Oedipus to Socrates through Hamlet and Faust—Know Thyself. Not only did Jung take this maxim as the leitmotif of his own life, but he gave us a method by which we may each respond to this fundamental question of self-knowledge. It is to this how, the art or method of proceeding with oneself, which is as well the grounding impetus within all psychology that we can especially learn from Jung.
.
You may remember how this began: it is told by Aniela Jaffe in Jung’s autobiography. Jung was deluged by “an incessant stream of fantasies,” a “multitude of psychic contents and images,” In order to cope with the storms of emotion, he wrote down his fantasies and let the storms transpose themselves into images.
.
You remember also when this took place: it happened shortly after the break with [Sigmund] Freud—so much so that Stanley Leavy has suggested that the Salome in the vision which I shall soon come to is none other than a disguised Lou Andreas-Salome, and the Elijah none other than Freud. At this moment, Jung was spiritually alone. But in this isolation he turned neither to a new group, not to organized religion, nor to refuge in psychosis, nor to security unconventional activities, work, or family: he turned to his images. When there was nothing else to hold to, Jung turned to the personified images of interior vision. He entered into an interior drama, took himself into an imaginative fiction and then, perhaps, began his healing—even if it has been called his breakdown. There, he found a place to go that was no longer Vienna, figures to communicate with who were no longer the psychoanalytic circle of colleagues, and a counselor who was no longer Freud. This encounter with these personal figures became the first personifications of his mature fate—which is also how Jung speaks of the personifications we meet when we interiorize to Know Thyself. It was in this time, during which the dove-maiden spoke to him in a crucial dream, that Jung found his vocation, his psychological faith, and a sense of personality. It is from this point onward that Jung becomes that extraordinary pioneering advocate of the reality of the psyche.
.
We have looked at how and when, now the what and who. What was the content of the first visions and who did Jung meet? The autobiography says:
.
In order to seize hold of the fantasies, I frequently imagined a steep descent. I even made several attempts to get to the very bottom…It was like a voyage to the moon, or a descent into empty space…I had the feeling that I was in the land of the dead…the other world…I caught sight of two figures, an old man with a white beard and a beautiful young girl. I summoned up my courage and approached them as though they were real people, and listened attentively to what they told me.
.
I cite this passage in detail because it is the key to the method; we can take it as an instructor’s manual.
.
The figures whom Jung encountered were Elijah, Salome, and a black serpent. Soon Elijah transformed into Philemon, of whom Jung says:
.
Philemon was a pagan and brought with him an Egypto-Hellenistic atmosphere with a Gnostic coloration…Philemon and other figures of my fantasies brought home to me the crucial insight that there are things in the psyche which I do not produce, but which produce themselves and have their own life.
.
The cosmos brought by Elijah, Salome, the black serpent, and Philemon—the
Egypto-Hellenistic atmosphere with a Gnostic coloration”—was the very one that could sustain the act which Jung was performing. I can hardly stress this enough: the figures Jung first met and who convinced him of the reality of their psychic being by extending to him personal relations with the powers of the psyche, these figures who Jung first met and who convinced him of the reality of their psychic being by extending to him personal relations with the powers of the psyche, these figures derive from the Hellenistic world and its belief in daimons. (Daimon is the original Greek spelling for these figures who later became demons because of the Christian view and daemons in positive contradistinction to that view.)
.
Jung’s descent to the “land of the dead” presented him with his spiritual ancestors, who, through Jung, ushered in a new daimonology and angelogy.
.
Know Thyself in Jung’s manner means to become familiar with, to open oneself to and listen to, that is, to know and discern, daimons. Entering one’s interior story takes a courage similar to starting a novel. We have to engage with personas whose autonomy may radically alter, even dominate, our thoughts and feelings, neither ordering these persons about nor yielding to them full sway. Fictional and factual, they and we, are drawn together like threads into a mythos, a plot, until death do us part. It is a rare courage that submits to this middle region of psychic reality where the supposed surety of fact and illusion of fiction exchange heir clothes.
.
Just to remind us what a radical, shattering move—theological, epistemological, ontological-Jung’s personifying was, let me merely pronounce the usual judgment upon daimons that is part of our Western religious psychology. Whether Eastern Church or Roman, whether Old Testament or New, whether Protestant or Catholic—daimons are no good things. They are part of the world of Satan, of Chaos, of Temptation. They have been written against by major Christian theologians down through the centuries, associated with the cult of serpent worship in the midst of Christian Europe, and they are, according to the authority of Matthew’s Gospel, the source of possession, sickness, and magic.
.
Who indeed are these figures that they should be so menacing? If we look into the world before and parallel with the rise of Christianity—first to Homer, then to Plato and the dramatists, then to Plutarch, Plotinus, Iamblichus, and then to the Renaissance—the daimons were figures of the middle realm, neither quite transcendent Gods nor quite physical humans, and there were many sorts of them, beneficial, terrifying, message-bringers, mediators, voices of guidance and caution (as Socrates’ Daimon and as Diotima). Even Eros was a daimon.
.
But the dogmatic, crystallization of our religious culture demonized the daimons. As a fundamental component of polytheistic paganism, they had to be negated and denied by Christian theology which projected its repression upon the daimons, calling them the forces of denial and negation. Thus Jung’s move which turned directly to the images and figures of the middle realm was a heretical, demonic move. His move into the imagination, which had been forced upon him by his fantasies and emotions, had already been prejudged in our religious language as demonic and in our clinical language as multiple personality or a schizophrenia. Yet, this radical activation of imagination was Jung’s method of Know Thyself.
.
His move between the two orthodoxies of theological religion and clinical scientism re-established in experience the middle realm which he was to call “psychic reality.” This psychic reality discovered by Jung consists in fictive figures. It is poetic, dramatic, literary in nature. The Platonic metaxy speaks in mythical fictions. Freud’s fictioning appeared disguised in his case histories and his cosmogonic theories. Jung’s appeared overtly in the history of his own case. Freud entered the literary imagination by writing about other people, Jung by envisioning himself as “other people.” What we learn from Freud is that his literary imagination goes on in the midst historical fact. What we learn from Jung is that his literary imagination goes on in the midst of ourselves. Poetic dramatic fictions are what actually people our psychic life. Our life in soul is a life in imagination.
.
We have already been given the clue in the instructor’s manual as to how this third realm traditionally called “soul” can be re-established—and by anyone. Jung says he treated the figures whom he met “as thought they were real people.” The key is that as though, the metaphorical as-if reality, neither literally real (hallucinations or people in the street) nor irreal/unreal (mere fictions) projections which “I” make up as parts of “me”, auto-suggestive illusions). In an “as-if” consciousness they are powers with voice, body, motion, and mind, fully felt but wholly imaginary. This is psychic reality, and it comes in the shape of daimons. By means of these diamonic realities, Jung confirmed the autonomy of the soul. His own experience connected again the realm of daimons with that of soul. And ever since his move, soul and daimons imply, even require, each other.
.
Source: James Hillman, Healing Fiction (Spring Publications: Putnam, CT), pp. 53-56.
. The ego is the element of the psyche which is responsible for conscious functioning and survival in one’s outer world, for defending the organism, and for ascertaining “how” one’s needs will be met, prioritizing, choosing, and acting. The ego is the ”Commander” for the body-mind. It works with the intellect, body, soul, emotions and the will to choose how to act in the outer (and inner) worlds of each person to meet one’s needs. . One of the documented effects of trauma or a breach of the division between the conscious mind and the Unconscious is a regression of the ego, which means that the state of consciousness of the individual regresses to an earlier, less conscious state of functioning. Ego regression means that the individual becomes less aware of the difference between ones self, other important individuals in our life, and the outer world. There is a blurring, and things formerly considered under one’s own power become uncontrollable. As a consequence, in response to trauma or evolutionary stress, he may become less able or willing to participate in the workplace, to relate to others, or to comprehend how to get his or her needs met in the world. The world he thought to be under his control goes out of control and becomes “Other.” . In a word, the individual becomes more “infantile” in his perception of the world and in how he recognizes himself and his personal world. Regression is a response by the overwhelmed and shocked psyche to trauma; in essence, a flight from pain, shock, fear, loss, or overwhelm into numbness and “unknowing.” Regression can be conceptualized as a need to return to the safety and nurturing of one’s Mother, except that the Mother one goes to is the Unconscious. In nearly all psychic “healing” processes, the regression of the ego provides the means for re-conceiving ones self as a well, self reliant, and “normal” person.
. The Stages of Consciousness Development . The process of ego development is a much studied issue and tells us a great deal about the issue of “being unconscious.” The term “consciousness” implies “self-consciousness”—awareness of who it is that acts and also awareness of what it is that is done and its meaning. A person who is “unconscious” does not live life. Life just happens to him. The individual has no power, no will, to make his life progress in the way he wishes. Instead, he can only react to events in the outside world, adjusting himself to others and fate. This perspective on life, in fact, appears in Western philosophy with the ancient Greek philosophers who saw men’s life as guided by fate. . The process by which the child, for example, becomes “self-conscious” is very gradual. The child herself cannot observe this process, but an outside observer may. M. Esther Harding says in her book “The I and the not-I”, that an infant at first is not aware of the limits of its own body. Parts of its body are not recognized as “his.” He does not recognize his own face in the mirror. This is a very primitive level of consciousness, comparable to small monkeys in the jungle. Up to the age of four or five years, he still regards certain parts of his body as “separate entities.” The process of becoming conscious—or individuation—is a continuing process of discovering what is “myself” and what is “not myself.” . During his second year of life, a child begins forming words. At first, he speaks of himself in the “third person,” using the name everyone around him uses or referring to “baby.” This stage is the precursor to thinking and consciousness, for he knows that he acts—or he may know that an action is taking place but not that he who acts is a separate person from those around him. Sometime after his second birthday, an important change occurs as he begins to speak of himself as “me” or “I.” He has discovered that he is not the same as other persons. He has become self-aware. . He has not yet discovered, however, that there are more than one “I’s” inside. To this tiny child, the “I” that he has discovered refers primarily to his bodily separation from others, his physical identity, which is a very primitive form of “I-ness” called an autos. . As the small child ventures out into society outside the family, a hardening process begins to aid the child in adapting to a harsher reality. . When the delicate, gelatinous stuff of the immature psyche is met by the reality of the outer external world a hardening process takes place, which we speak of as adaptation; and around the natural psyche there forms a kind of skin, a mask, by means of which the sensitive individual can adjust itself to the requirements of the environment. The initial sense of “I-ness” is largely concerned with this “persona I.” In its initial stages, in the child, it is quite precarious, and indeed it may even remain so into adult life. When something happens by which the individual “loses face” he feels himself to be depreciated, depotentiated, diminished. When we lose face, we become little.” . It is plain that even something as common as being embarrassed or losing face is capable of regressing the individual into a more infantile stage of consciousness. Something as simple as “going home at Christmas time to visit one’s parents” can switch us from a responsible adult back into an earlier ego-state where we feel again like a child around our parents. And what grown child has not experienced the mother who hasn’t recognized that her children are no longer “separated” from her own “I-ness”, who constantly attempts to control them long after they have achieved their own sense of being separate from her. . When we consider the fact that many, many children experience abuse, sexual abuse, and violence in society, and trauma both in and outside the home, it is plain that the growing child’s sense of power and self are very precarious and precious. If it is threatened, Harding maintains, the child may “go to pieces”, or may fly into a tantrum, and an adult may sink into complete despair and possibly either commit suicide and go insane. Trauma in infancy will destroy stability, trust, sense of safety, and the sense of self so easily, causing life-long suffering and sense of powerlessness. . The earliest experiences of “I-ness” and becoming aware are followed by many others through life, although the stages are not usually so distinct and definite as the earliest ones. . Another definitive moment in the development of “I-ness” may come during puberty, when one’s sense of “I-ness” becomes suddenly clearer. The teenager becomes aware of becoming separate from his parents and capable of forming judgments about them. . It is usually not until this sense of separateness arises that it occurs to the individual that others too might have a similar sense of I. Still, a surprising percentage of adults never achieve this level of consciousness. To many, they are the only “I”. Others are objects with whom he has no empathy. Thus, so many people are very self-absorbed, never recognizing that others experience life in the way they do, seeing other people as objects. Such people do not care about others, others suffering, or others feelings. Those “others” are not part of such persons’ “selves” and are not their concern. . Only gradually do people learn to “walk a mile in others shoes”, and that is normally achieved through suffering. It is through suffering and coming to accept one’s own frailties and imperfections that we learn to have compassion for the imperfections of others. As this happens, the individual’s sense of consciousness expands to include others in one’s “self”. However, this state of consciousness is not typically achieved by most people. . Interestingly, it is often the flight from psychic suffering into the Borderland which teaches a person about his imperfection, his powerlessness, and his own vulnerability to painful life experiences. And so, the person learns compassion for himself. And through understanding his own need for compassion, he comes to recognize other’s need for it. This can transform the individual’s whole perspective of himself, the world, and others. He becomes more thoughtful about the needs, frailties, misperceptions, unconsciousness, and fears of others. He becomes less judgmental, more accepting of people as they are. He comes to expect less of others and more of himself in his relationships. . Tunneling and Withdrawal into Unconsciousness . Another form of consciousness loss documented by Bernstein is a “tunneling” effect, by which the breadth of involvement in the outer world is narrowed to reduce anxiety. Here, the individual chooses to withdraw from the stressful external world. His withdrawal makes his personal world become “smaller”, less intrusive, less-stressful, and more manageable. He may begin to make contact with very few other people, may seldom go out, may stop watching television or reading the newspaper, may turn within…all in an effort to stop exposure to stress-causing images, events, and people. . The Borderland itself is the realm of the Unconscious. As an individual’s awareness of his ordinary reality recedes, his identification with the unconscious expands. Life becomes increasingly infantile, subjective, and lived through the imagination than through outer sources of need satisfaction. . There is a mechanism that operates when a trauma, unacceptable memory, or fearful emotion is repressed to the unconscious. Those memories become unconsciously projected into the outer world onto other people, situations, or events. A soldier therefore may not consciously recall the horrible memories of battle experience, but he unconsciously projects the fear he is hiding from upon normal people and events. He may become paranoid with an irrational fear of civilians or he may react to expected noises with violence or throwing himself down onto the ground. In fact, he does not need to remember the trauma, the child abuse, the painful childhood experiences he has repressed into the unconscious. The evidence that something is being hidden from his consciousness is self evident in his anxiety, depression, fear and neediness for love. . A person may not recall the lack of love and nurturing he never received during infancy, but nevertheless he will project his need for nurturing out into the world. He constantly falls in love with those he projects his need for nurturing upon. His projections cause him to idealize the objects of his need, but his neediness for the objects of his affection drive them away. He makes every relationship into a “mother substitute“ to fill his need for love. Rejection causes him to lose face and confidence in himself. Like the soldier above, he is unconscious of the source of his need and keeps repeating the same pattern of need, loss and disappointment. Too much of this pattern and he begins to break down and enter the Borderland of consciousness where the difference between fantasy and reality becomes murky indeed. . Thus, although the Borderland provides a realm into which the individual retreats to avoid the anxiety he experiences in his ordinary world, he cannot escape his memories or hidden emotions even though he does not recognize their presence. He tends therefore to isolate himself farther and farther from the outside world in an effort to separate himself from his projections outwardly as well as to numb his anxiety and pain in and unconsciousness state. Dissociation is often the mechanism he uses to distance himself from the anxiety of his projections and feeling of powerlessness to feel safe, loved, and in-control. . Why is there a loss of consciousness connected with life in the Borderland realms? The psyche comes under too much stress to maintain normal functioning, and the mind utilizes survival reflexes to prevent overwhelm of the conscious mind. Memories and awareness of the stress is separated-off, stored in the body, and locked into the unconscious mind. Whether the stress comes from the evolutionary portal, trauma or from sensitive personalities which make the individual vulnerable to anxiety-producing events, the net effect is a flight from “reality” and an identification with the numbing or soothing quality of the Unconscious. . The consequence however is a loss of capacity to function in ordinary reality. The person loses his perspective that it is him who acts upon the world. Instead, the person becomes more like an infant where Other has the power and he doesn’t. There is a sense of powerlessness to meet his needs, as if the adult had regressed back into infancy, and confusion in understanding how the ordinary world “works.” This increases one’s stress further. . There may also be an identification with the Borderland Realms, a restoration of the small child’s magical world, a sense of synchronicity being the engine which determines life experience, a “born again” quality to his life. Spirituality may become the driving engine in his life, and he obsessively focuses upon his “spiritual path” with the unrecognized aim of seeking security, freedom from pain and fear, healing and nurturing. . . Participation Mystique in Modern Society . Working with the Shadow in the Borderland . As the individual continues to age from infancy, her sense of I-ness continues to harden. Part of that hardening process is the clearing of the ambiguities of human character from the ego (or conscous mind). This results in the creation of a socially acceptable ego, a "persona" which is the mask worn by the ego intended to project the character desired by the person, and the "shadow", which is the aggregate of repressed material from the conscious mind. . Society promotes identifications for the individual which are consistent with the beliefs and values it holds as good, proper, traditional, and culturally correct; so the growing person is almost required to repress the socially dis-believed and de-valued into the unconscious. This part of the unconscious is what Jung calls the personal unconscious, which is also a part of the personality lying very close to consciousness. Here lie the behaviors and traits of the self which is disapproved of by society as well as the instinctual needs of the person--aggression, lust, deceit, lying etc. All this material together is referred to as "the shadow." . The advantage this "split in consciousness" between ego and shadow is that the individual can apply herself to tasks they don't want to, don't like, and don't feel are consistent with their own innate sense of rightness or conscience. The young woman leaving home can go out without a clear idea of what she might want to do in the long run and get a variety of experiences both good and bad which may not be very emotionally rewarding. The ego allows her to pursue a long term plan without seriously challenging her repressed instinctual desires, her sense of rightness, or her sense of self. She might take a job with an employer whose ethics are terrible without feeling that she should find another job. A young man can enlist in the military and participate in a war he doesn't believe in. A young mother can marry and find herself in an abusive marriage. But decide to stay in the marriage anyway. Society's values and judgments, rather than their own, guide their choices. . For some people who come to mid-life, the energy of those repressed instincts, personal wishes, and personal needs break through into the conscious mind. This is the time Jung called "the midlife crisis." The crisis begins the shift of the center of consciousness towards the principle of organization of the psyche that Jung called "the Self." It is important to realize that this shift is initiated through experiencing life. Experience brings conflict between these unconscious values and needs and the values and beliefs society insists upon. The result is psychic pain. It is psychic pain, in the end, which brings down the persona and breaks the ego. . During the first stage of ego development and primacy, the material in the shadow is out of consciousness for the individual, but is visible to others around her. The body reacts to the shadow material, even though the conscious mind is blind to it. Thus, we see the instances of young men and women whose behavior exhibits all the negatively charged behaviors family and society frowns upon, but the young man or woman doesn't know that their body, eyes, and expressions are constantly betraying their blocked feelings. . The shadow material is also constantly being projected upon other people and situations without the individual being aware of it. For example, a person who detests George W. Bush as President is unconsciously projecting a shadow aspect upon the President. There is a repressed personal aspect of his personality which he doesn't like in himself which possesses the behavior, needs and attitudes of the President. The President is "mirroring" that unconscious aspect. The person doesn't really understand Bush's point of view personally at all. Instead, the person he really dislikes is part of himself and not outside himself at all! Again and again, we project negative aspects of our own human-ness onto others around us, determining who we like, hate, love and are indifferent to. The world "as we see it" is therefore within us. Reality as we perceive it is not outside us, but inside. . All the material in the shadow is not negative material. There is also a white shadow, which are the self aspects which we don't believe that are our brillance, intelligence, leadership, integrity etc. The teachings of some religions convinces many of us that we are by nature bad or inferior. Parents who teach their own children that they are "bad" do the same thing. Here, it is the positive attributes of the child which become repressed, and the child rebelliously holds the self identity of "bad" in conscious mind and represses her positive self identities. When projected upon others, such a child sees others as better than she is and she can never forget her need to conform to outside judgments and comparisons. . Man evolved from primates who in groups were incredibly vicious and violent, displaying all the varieties of unsocial and predatory behavior. Rape, murder, deceit, theft all were common behaviors within the troup and by the troup on outsiders. These behaviors are embedded in the DNA of the human species. We all have these instincts, feelings and potential behaviors in our collective unconscious mind. At the same time, all these behaviors had their value in the survival of the species. These violent instincts had their positive value in the survival of the species as well as their negative. And it is in this light that we need to examine the negative material in our own shadow. . The mid-life crisis forces the individual to confront her shadow. She begins to dream about the forces in her personal and collective unconscious, and this begins the reconcilation between her conscious mind and unconscious mind. She begins to become more conscious. And her center of consciousness moves relentlessly towards the Self. . One of the earliest discoveries is of the neuroses which have dominated her life. Men, for example, discover their Mother Complexes. Women discover, their Father Complexes. The fragmentations of the psyche are discovered and brought into consciousness where they can begin to heal and integrate. The negative instincts are discovered and brought back up where they can be met in experience, and the person discover they become positive in effect. All these negative aspects of self are found to have a basis in law and survival value. Once admitted into consciousness as valid and valuable, the individual finds that they can be expressed in positive and healthy ways. . As this material comes up into consciousness, the individual finds herself turning away from society and society's beliefs and embracing her own individual natural self, instincts, potentials and talents. This is what individuation is all about. Separation is the result. Before, guilt held her in stasis, repressing her own needs to comform to the beliefs and values of those around her. As she does her inner shadow work, she resolves those feelings of guilt and is able to stand on her own against societal pressures and live from her own center. We recognise and accept our dual nature as good and bad, positive and negative, light and dark, and accept this as our true nature. It is this that we must learn to love if we are to realize the potential this inheritance gives to us. . As children we are taught that we will be loved only if we surrender to the demands of parents, teachers, and friends. Now, we must learn that our love for ourselves must be unconditional if we are to take our power to live and be ourselves in this world. Others love for us may be conditional, but our own love for ourselves must be unconditional--just as we are: good or bad. Once we learn this lesson, we see that love that is not unconditional is destructive. And the love which demands others surrender their own needs or sense of self is destructive. This transforms our relationship to spouses, children and friends. We learn to simply love without expecting love or anything in return. Having come to recognise how vulnerable and imperfect we are, we can accept the imperfections, frailities and vulnerabilities of others, and yet love them unconditionally. This is the beginning of learning compassion-both for ourselves and for others. . When we have fallen into the Borderland, we have fallen into the realm of the shadow. Initially, this can be a terrifying experience, especially when the Borderland experience has taken on the forms of mental or emotional illness. Depression, anxiety, hearing angry voices, having violent and frightening dreams, or any of the other symptoms of personality disorders are terrifying. But the Borderlander must understand that this is the negativity of the shadow beginning to release itself into consciousness. At first, it comes darkly. We have a choice to make. Do we flee into drugs and sleep and alcoholic drinks. Or do we face the rage of the selves locked within for so many years. Do we remind ourselves that what we are experiencing is the torture we have imposed upon our own unconscious self and body through all those years of conforming and self-repressing. . If we can make the choice to face these "messages" from our inner dimensions with love and understanding and say "you are right! I should have loved you. I should never have denied you. I won't turn away again. From this point forward, I will always accept and love you...you fragmented and lost selves, you damaged feelings, you hurt children of my past. I will take your needs into my conscious mind and begin now to meet them in my daily life. I will find positive ways to express the rage I am feeling, the anger, the loss, the fear, the need to put myself first for a change, my need to live by my own conscience rather than society's values of rightness or wrongness, my own need to feel loved and safe, my own likes and dislikes on how I live, work, worship, love. I will now meet my own needs first! Help me to know myself as you! For the rage and torture that begins pouring from within in dreams, and daydreams, and physical illnesses, and depression in daily life are from our own lost self. And this is the time--the chance--to know and heal that self."
.
"Participation mystique" is a term developed to describe the peculiar alignment which seemed to exist between primitive people and their natural environment. It describes the lack of clear boundaries in primitive people's sense of self and the places, plants and trees among which they lived. The world is filled with totem animals which were part of and worked with each man or woman, totem trees whose health held each person's life, rocks which held "mana" which could restore the life force of a sick person, eagles whose behavior brought a special message for a warrior in ceremony. Synchronicities between nature and humans guided their thoughts, ceremonies, spiritual beliefs, hunts, and daily life.
.
In primitive societies, the individual hardly could be said to exist, for each man's and woman's identity, his or her sense of "I" was merged into the group. Leadership of the group was generally matriarchial, with supreme authority vested in a council of elders. Survival of the tribe was the pre-eminent issue, so the identity of the individual was tribal rather than individualistic. The individual was expected to give way to the desires of the tribe--a pattern typical of a modern “mother complex.”
.
Most people this day in time dismiss "participation mystique" as an out-of-date concept. While primitive man experienced participation mystique with Nature, modern man experiences participation mystique with culture or our collective beliefs, values, assumptions and identity. From the time of birth, each individual is immersed in the collective culture and absorbs the assumptions about the way things "are supposed to be" from parents, teachers, friends, and colleagues. Yet these values and beliefs are basic that the individual does not explicitly recognize how culture-specific they are, for there is no alternative set of values and beliefs to compare them with. Each individual is therefore said to be unconscious of her cultural values and beliefs.
.
Ester Harding, in discussing participation mystique, points out that the content of the Unconscious--both the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious--is projected onto the outside world. This means that whatever is repressed into one's personal unconscious as bad or strange or unacceptable or unattainable is projected upon other people.
.
What does this projection do then? It affects the way each person in the culture perceives other people without them realizing that their impression are collective. Instead, they are very likely to feel those judgments are individual. So if a person doesn't like people of a different race, he is is likely to rationalize his feeling based on his experience--not realizing that he is projecting an unconscious belief of the culture upon the disliked person. These projections are almost all negative in character.
.
Many of these unconscious beliefs are absorbed from one's parents from infancy on, so in this way the negative beliefs and values of one generation is passed on unconsciously to the next. The child raising beliefs and practices of one generation are passed on unconsciously to the next. The traumas and sins of one generation are passed on the the next, without any explicit discussion in the household. The religious beliefs and values of one generation is likewise passed on as being the correct beliefs and values.
.
In this way, the identity of each individual is merged into the collective from which he comes. He is no where as individually conscious as he beliefs. Instead, as Esther Harding points out, he is hardly conscious as an individual at all. All his "shoulds and oughts" are generated from the ideas floating around in his family, friendships, memberships.
.
With age and experience, some individuals will begin to realize how few needs they have are getting met from cooperating with these collectives. A young man begins to realize how restrictive his parents involvement in his life is. A woman begins to realize how repressively she is treated in employment, marriage, church, and other community groups. A soldier learns in combat that his life is of no value at all and that he is expected to surrender his own life following orders in battle. This is awakening; the realization that his or her membership in the collective represses individual need satisfaction in the name of collective goals, which may be simply "profit maximization", or national glory, or religious-indoctrination of youth on acceptable behavior in marriage.
.
Although we live in what is considered to be one of the more individualistic culture in the world, American are no more conscious than any other people--and that is not very conscious. The issue, of course, is in distinguishing between the "I" and the "not-I". When most of the values and beliefs each individual is raised to believe are collective in origin, all these "oughts and shoulds" are part of the unconscious mind--not the conscious mind.
.
This is probably the most critical issue in consciousness raising--separating the unconscious conditioning one is raised to accept from one's own needs. Individuation then--the process of becoming whole--is separative--not merging into oneness with the values and beliefs of society. The individuating adult goes into solitude--alone with his own needs--prepared to set aside the beliefs of his culture and family in order to discover who he is. Through dreams and active imagination work, he waits until things settle and he can attend to his own needs matrix. He may find he disapproves of the beliefs and actions of his nation, his church, his community, and his economic system because these collectives discourage satisfaction of his individual needs. This strong individuation process is a separating out of his "I" from the collectives' "not-I". An essential part of this process of separating is completing the separation from his personal and archetypal “mother”, for so long as he does not complete the separation, he will project his need for his mother upon every woman who attracts his attention. He will not be “complete” in his individuation. Recognizing this as a part of the individuation process is becoming conscious as an individual by setting aside the unconscious programming, incomplete ego development, and surrender of self to collective issues or persons.
.
In these ancient tribal teachings of the Dreamtime and ‘the dreaming’ lie hints of the lost Paradise of Eden. We hear echoes of our ancient animal past as well in the conversation between the apprentice, Carlos Castaneda, speaking to his Mentor, the Nagual Don Juan, in the teachings he spoke of in his books of the 1970’s and 1980’s. Carlos was expressing to don Juan his observation that he was kind and rational. Don Juan replies that Carlos is only noticing his impeccability and that in fact he was not rational at all. He was not something modern and new, but something very old. . Don Juan was teaching Carlos about the world of the sorcerer; not the western notion of the dark magician, but the indigenous concept—a man or woman who goes into the Unknown parts of the mind, the Unconscious, where magic and mystery can be found in abundance. In that space beyond the borders of modern conscious mind, beyond the knowledge and safety of the ego mind, lies the infinite. . As mankind emerged from his animal consciousness, he was closely attuned to his instincts, his animal nature, to Nature itself. He was not a rational being, for rationality was not required to survive. What was required to survive was an intense attunement to the environment, intense awareness, the ability to ‘sense’ danger at the back of the neck, the ability to recognize falsehood or cunning in relationships, the capacity to act with violence without hesitation or thinking. This level of attunement was achieved through a type of consciousness which opened to the unconscious. We can still see examples of this type of consciousness in our relatives: the chimpanzees, the Great Apes, the Orangutan. Like an animal, men ‘knew’ without knowing how they knew, like instinct. Language per se was not required. Body language, grunts and sounds, the baring of teeth and other simple pre-language forms of sign language sufficed for daily interaction. On an instinctual level, each animal man knew what the other wanted or meant directly without the need for verbal communication. . As language grew more and more a part of their lives, the brain had to develop in new directions because language brought symbolic meanings into the consciousness to facilitate dialog among people. But as attention focused increasingly on verbal dialog, the people began to lose their connection with their animalistic roots: the Garden of Eden—where they knew without learning, where they connected directly to the gods, where their connection with the Everything was intimately close. . Today, mankind predominantly possesses what science refers to as the ‘subjective mind’—a mind in which each individual perceives his reality separately from his fellow humans. The ‘ego’ or conscious mind is an island of consciousness and as a result, the individual accepts that he is a ‘self’ separate from others. He feels his mortality and sees his physical environment as separate from his ‘self.’ . To the pre-human, there was no such perception. His consciousness was tribal. He was not individual with a sense of individual destiny, but a member of a tribe with a tribal consciousness. He felt his oneness with others of ‘the people’ intensely and, like they, lived in a world of myth and mystery in communion with his natural environment. In this level of mind, a person experiences his connection to the Universe with a sense of awe. The presences within the unconscious come close: ancestral spirits, gods, demons and other ‘inhabitants’ of the world of the spirits are very much a part of his daily life and the life of the tribe. . There had to be a transition between these two states of consciousness—a stage in which men experienced both the ego and the connection to the unconscious mind of instinct and direct knowing. A perceptive analysis of this intermediary stage is presented by Julian Jaynes in his 1976 book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Jaynes argues that the movement from individual hunter-gatherers to groups required the development of more sophisticated forms of communication. Large groups of animals require even more sophisticated means of rapid communication than smaller groups. As mankind’s pre-historic forebears evolved more and more sophisticated forms of communicating with one another, language itself began for shape the reality beings could perceive and understand apart from traditional instinctive and unconscious ‘knowing’ we inherited from our animal evolutionary path. . There occurred at some point a ‘split’ between that part of man’s consciousness that involved direct ‘knowing’ as other animals know, from instinct or from the unconscious mind, and the created reality that was being shaped by tribal consciousness and language. Jayne’s describes this intermediary stage of development of the mind as ‘bicameral’ or two-leveled. Most of the daily life of people in this era was lived in a state of consciousness that modern man would not recognize. This was a type of consciousness in which the individual was intensely aware of his or her environment, felt no sense of separation from his fellows in the tribe, gave little thought to death or tomorrow, and operated on an instinctive or intuitive level of mind. . As the level of mind created by language and conscious communication grew, it created a kind of separate level of mind which was experienced by the ordinary person as someone speaking to him in his mind, i.e. as an auditory hallucination. Whereas his ordinary consciousness was silent and incapable of anticipating what tomorrow might bring—that is, to plan for future eventualities--this new level of mind was pre-rational, planning oriented, acutely aware of its separation from the world, and therefore afraid of its environment. . About 9000 BC, there were the first signs of the formation of large towns in what is now Israel. Instead of nomadic tribes numbering about 20 hunters, towns of at least 200 persons suddenly began to appear. Agriculture rapidly developed with the use of hoes, sickle blades, pounders, pestles, querns and mortars for the preparation of bread. Jaynes describes what he believes happened at this point in pre-history: . “I beg you to recall, as we try to picture the social life of Eynan that these Natufians were not conscious as we know it. They could not naratize,and had no anallog selves to “see” themselves in relation to others. They were what we could call signal-bound, that is, responding each minute to cues in a stimulus-response manner, and controlled by those cues. . And what were the cues for a social organization this large? What signals were the social control over its two or three hundred inhabitants? . I have suggested that auditory hallucinations may have evolved as a side effect of language and operated to keep individuals persisting at the longer tasks of tribal life. Such hallucinations began in the individual’s hearing a command from himself or from his chief. Thus, there is a very simple continuity between such a condition and the more complex auditory hallucinations which I suggest were the cues of social control in Eynan and which originated in the commands and speech of the king. . Now we must not make the error here of supposing that these auditory hallucinations were like tape recordings of what the king had commanded. Perhaps they began as such. But after a time, there is no reason not to suppose that such voices could ‘think’ and solve problems, albeit, of course, unconsciously. The ‘voices’ heard by contemporary schizophrenics ‘think’ as much and often more than they do. And thus the ‘voices’ which I am supposing were heard by the Natufians could with time improvise and ‘say’ things that the king himself had never said. Always, however, we may suppose that all such novel hallucinations were strictly tied in consistency to the person of the king himself. This is not different from ourselves when we inherently know what a friend is likely to say. Thus, each worker, gathering shellfish or trapping small game or in a quarrel with a rival or planting seed where the wild grain had previously been harvested, had within him the voice of his king to assist the continuity and utility to the group of his labors. . The occasion of these hallucinations was the presence of stress, as it is in our contemporaries.“ . If Jaynes is correct, our modern sense of self grew out of the pre-ego auditory hallucinations that ‘spoke’ into individuals’ unconscious, intuition-dominated mind. Alone, such individuals would simply not know what to do without being told. In their everyday mind, the world was incomprehensible. But when their king or a god spoke into their silent minds, they would simply do what they were told. In such societies, myths lived. The kings were gods, because they could speak directly into the minds of their subjects even at a distance. Even after the death of a king, tribal members would continue to ‘hear’ the voice of their dead king, and out of those occurrences, reverence and honoring of the ancestors arose. . Over the millennia following, the mind of man continued evolving its rational and linguistic capabilities, until suddenly the balance slipped over to that part of the mind which spoke and perceived life from the perspective of the reality or world created by language, and that animistic, instinctive, largely unconscious part of the mind which knows reality directly slipped behind a veil. Now, each man was alone—an island in a sea of people—isolated from Nature and dependent upon language rather than direct knowing or instinct to ‘know’ Reality. Now, people studied ‘Spiritual information and wrote sacred books’ to know about Spirit rather than directly experiencing Spirit as had their forebears. . Jaynes documents the literature received from early civilizations to demonstrate when this shift in consciousness occurred and its consequences. For example, when Pedro Pizzaro invaded and conquered the Inca Civilization in Peru, the Inca—or God King—held a conversation with Pizarro. Pizarro’s Franciscan Priest spoke to the Inca about the Christian God and handed the Inca a Bible. The King is reported to have held the Bible to his ear, heard nothing, and then threw down the Bible. He looked at the priest and retorted, “Your god does not talk to us like ours do!!” The priest, outraged at the insult to his faith, shouted “Kill them all!” And Pizarro’s men took the Inca prisoner and slaughtered 2400 of the assembled Indian soldiers. Later, they put the Inca King to death. . Readers of the classical Greek tale of the Iliad also discover this bicameral world of gods speaking into the ears of Kings and Warriors. Jaynes even argues that when Homer wrote the Iliad, he wasn’t taking liberties with the story of Agammemnon and the Siege of Troy; he was speaking of life as the people actually experienced it! . But then something shifted in the mental equilibrium of the human species. Jaynes refers to the evidence recorded in the records of ancient civilizations.: the “gods” began abandoning the god-kings! The gods stopped speaking in the minds of the rulers of many ancient kingdoms! And when the gods abandoned the kings, the kingdoms collapsed. The Hittite People, among others, degenerated into Warrior Cultures, striking their neighbors and building kingdoms based on tyrannical regimes. And as the gods stopped speaking, the mental center of gravity shifted within the consciousness of more and more humans. It wasn’t that the gods stopped speaking into the mind; it was that humans became the gods. The consciousness of humans started shifting into the separated “ego” of modern humans, and the ancient center in the Collective Unconscious became veiled. Humans lost their home in the Garden of Eden. . Indigenous peoples look back towards that age of life in the Garden, of tribal consciousness, of feeling close to Nature and the Powers of the Unconscious, with nostalgia and longing. The loss of that connection is felt as a deep spiritual wound and as loss of connection to the Spirit. Modern shamanic teachings stress rediscovering the way back to the Garden, but maintaining a grounding in the world we live in today, in which people must work in jobs, live in houses in the suburbs, and shop in shopping malls. Gone are the vast forests and empty deserts which were the home of hunter-gatherer tribes. We must find a new way to build Paths back to the Spirit. . In the Far East, the Buddha taught his disciples the art of meditation. In meditation, the mind is watched until it becomes quiet and silent. In the silence, the veil between ego and the Unconscious levels of mind thins and the meditator can begin to experience the ancient link to Spirit mankind once knew intimately. Don Juan told Castaneda that the Path with Heart is started when he could silence the inner dialog that constantly chatters in the mind. . Unlike many religions teach, the ego is an evolutionary accomplishment. Without the ego, reason would have been inconceivable. Planning, cities, science, astrology, medicine, and modern technology would never have occurred. In the changeless world of the unconscious, mankind would still be living in small groups in hunter-gatherer societies, as it was for hundreds of thousands of years prior to the development of the bicameral mind. . On the other hand, we now can recognize that the Path to experiencing the Spirit leads into the past of mankind. Jesus said: “Unless you become as a child, you will never experience the Kingdom of Heaven.” When we were children, living close to nature, as unconscious beings, we experienced gnosis directly. It was when we evolved the ego and became conscious that we lost the Kingdom of Heaven. But we still, in the deepest recesses of our primitive minds, remember and strain backward towards the Source in the jungles of Eden.
The task of becoming conscious is our part of our spiritual journey here on Earth. It is what we are here for, yet so many assume that their limited conscious mind is all there is, their conscious awareness is complete, and that they are as good as anyone is in this regard. The truth, if there is any such thing, is quite different. We are conditioned beings, in essence living the same lives our parents did, and caught in negative emotions and indifferent to the needs of our bodies, minds, and spirits. And yet we deny this, fearing that our self images might be humbled if we admitted that we don’t understand the lives we are living, we don’t see our conditioning, and mostly spend our waking moments struggling to survive from day to day.
.
As Carl Jung observed, we don’t know our selves at all, but we deny that fact. We mistake who we have been taught we should be with who we really are. And we don’t accept our selves as we are. Not accepting our selves the way we are, we reject who and what we are, trying to be someone else. We restlessly and constantly worry about how to become better and change our lives.
.
Becoming conscious involves becoming aware of those parts of ourselves of which we are unconscious.
.
The Journey to your own Self requires a journey into the Unconscious Realms of mind, need and human nature.
.
We are often forced by personal crisis into this task of “individuation”, to delve into our shadows to bring our repressed memories, beliefs, and self concepts into the conscious mind; to heal our neurosis and pathology, and balance our inner masculine and feminine energies. Less obvious is our task of repairing the fragmented or damaged sense of self most of us possess. Our life task to “individuate” implies that we finish “growing up” before coming to our deaths. We are naturally pushed psychologically along toward a maturity of self as we enter the final quarter of our life cycle.
.
For some, the Path goes through the revealing of Nature as our true source, becoming re-acquainted with our basic animal and instinctual nature; into the causes underlying personality issues like neuroses and pathological attitudes and behaviors; then on to the Soul level, where we begin to know ourselves as energy patterns and flows; then on to the Genetic level where we get our needs assembled and see ourselves as bundles of needs defined, of course, by the Spirit of our Universe; and (perhaps) finally on to our Sense of Self as "Higher/Lower" needs as Love versus Negative Values. In summary, the Path goes into our nature as a physical being and then into personality and finally into our essence as spirit itself. For most of us, these are the domains of the Unconscious Mind.
.
These are strange paths for most of us. Few know how even to begin to consider such topics. But the Ways have been walked by many over the Ages. The Path is not found without--even in Churches such as those we now attend or on the couches of psychotherapists--but into our very innermost realms. The Way is found through Inner Work: through dreaming and the understanding of dreams, through active imagination, through strengthening and relying on our intuitive nature, and through alertness to the domain in which we live and breath--the world of Nature.
.
For those who feel they are ready to venture into their great Unknown--the Unconscious Mind--there are books and "allies" who will help. There are others--both material and etherial--which may deceive for their own reasons. Belief is your enemy. As beings who have been socially and religiously conditioned to believe in certain truths, we are often not open to reality as it is. We are overwhelmed by moral and social judgments which channel our thinking and awareness into habitual channels and directions.
.
Our unawareness means that we too often start off in the wrong direction. The Universe is Here Now, all around us, demonstrating to us how things work, exist, and function. Yet we are locked in our own beliefs, opinions, rules and habitual concepts, unable to see, or hear, or feel the truths surrounding us. So many of these beliefs, opinions, rules and concepts we insist upon are lies that it isn’t really helpful to hold on to any of them. When you don’t know which are true, you might as well drop them all and start over. We stop expressing or relying on any opinions we have evolved, and we stop being swayed by the opinions or beliefs of others. We drop all rules about life we were taught brought happiness or led to success. We drop all ideas we may have formed about the necessity of being a "good person" because we sense that living our lives by "shoulds and oughts" has led us into dark waters, self-repudiation, and self-dislike. We decide to relearn these issues directly from life experience, Spirit, and Nature.
.
Without these habitual patterns of thought to anchor us in social reality, we feel naked and vulnerable, for now all Life has become a mystery and an Unknown. We no longer feel we understand the answers to life, relationships, or success. We no longer know what a successful life is. Without beliefs and opinions and rules for defining how life works, we find ourselves standing on thin air, not knowing what to do or say or be. Here, for the first time in our life, we are ready to be taught; we are open and not closed to new ideas or points of view. When everything is in chaos and we realize that we really know nothing at all, we are ready to align with Spirit and begin to let our egos go. We are ready to work with our Sexual Soul Force energy--the Spirit of Life itself--which knows which is the Way for us.
.
We need an Ally to help keep us honest with ourselves, to show us the way when things become so complicated and lost we can’t begin to love ourselves enough to trust the inner voices and signs all around us. So we pray and invoke the aid of Self, Holy Spirit, Higher Self, Jesus Christ, your Power Animal, or any other spiritual force willing to come to our aid. Here, faith comes in. Faith is necessary to accept that, even though our personal experience may have shown us otherwise, the Universe is a kind and loving place for us. And so we watch and listen for the unexpected, coincidence, the impossibly improbable to intervene and show us the way. CG Jung called this synchronicity: communication of the Unconscious with you, or even intervention of the Unknown into our lives.
.
The Elders have always taught that the World attempts to communicate with each of us constantly. But locked in our reasonableness, our taught worldviews, our beliefs and self concepts, we disregard the signs, omens, coincidences and symbols thrown up to us daily in our lives and by Nature. Our culture assumes that cause and effect behave in a predictable and orderly fashion, and that coincidence means only that some random event has occurred. In fact, cause and effect do not operate as we understand them. And since everything is connected to everything else, nothing is coincidental.
.
For most of us, it has been a long time--since childhood perhaps--since we took any notice of the world in a friendly way. But my experience at least is that the world is waiting for us to notice it and waiting to speak to us. We must learn again how to listen and how to be in relationship. Dennis Genpo Merzel, an American Zen Master, reminds us that we must learn to "see with our ears and hear with our eyes" when awaiting the teachings of the 10,000 things. We must learn to pay attention and to see the mountains speak in the language spoken by the mountains. We must pay attention so that we can hear the river dance in the way the the river dances. What does he mean? Our senses are the senses of the world for perceiving itself because we are conscious. When we pay attention, we enter relationship of the most intimate kind with the earth. That intimacy of relationship is "felt", seen, heard, tasted, smelled.
.
We must pay attention, get out of our own way so we can be receptive, so we can enter into an intimate relationship with the earth. The Earth and its five worlds then greets us in joy and begins a dialog with us, teaching us, leading us, waiting for our understanding of its need to be in our life--for through us, the Earth awakens and speaks and talks with other beings, and sees its beauty, and hears its many voices. We become aware of the livingness of the mineral world, the plant world, the animal world and the world of the ancestors. We become aware that, within us, there are allies as well who are attracted to our need to know ourselves. We become aware that it has always be we who prevented us from enjoying truly intimate relationships with other human beings, and we begin to learn--some of us for perhaps the very first time--how to be in relationship.
.
Awake at last, we begin to notice our own nature, our own bodies and how they work, how they feel, and behave even when we are not consciously commanding action or aware of how the body feels or is acting. The body begins to appear as if it has a life and intention of its own, and we learn how to relate to this new ally in our Earthwalk. From our body, we learn about femaleness and maleness, and finally recognize how this is true of all beings and objects about us. The feminine and the masculine define all things and are sacred principles of creation.
.
From the body, we begin to notice the movement of energy within, the feel of energy moving as if it knew us and knew what we needed without any intention on our part. And then, we notice the movement of energies all around us, as the unknown needs of the aura and its symbiotic minds, begin to work on and with our inner most need to exist.
.
The unconscious parts of ourselves announce themselves in dreams and unconscious behaviors which we finally begin to notice. And so we begin to learn how to work with those levels of Mind which are normally invisible to us. This first level of work is with our personality. Working with the personality means going back to the beginning of our lives and seeing ourselves the way we truly were as children, adolescents, young adults, and finally elders. We recall our lives darkly, as characterized by victimization, weakness, lies of others, and distrust of others. We see others to blame for what has happened to us. This must change so that we can see ourselves as responsible for our past lives and responsible for ourselves now as well. So we learn to recapitulate and to find the light in the darkness of our old stories about ourselves. We learn that our story must be rewritten and retold from a new more positive perspective--a perspective that reveals the wonder of our life as a learning experience for everyone involved.
.
Shadow work defines much of this work. Discovering the "why s" of our existing attitudes that trace back to soul loss in childhood and youth, forgiving others and forgiving ourselves for what happened that caused those losses, overcoming our losses of self love by learning again how to love those lost parts of ourselves who want to come back to us and be a part of our current lives. Shadow work means we are using dreams and other techniques to peek into our personal unconscious where the lost parts of ourselves, the rejected aspects of our being since beyond the birth experience, have been shut away, reviled, or judged unwanted. Now is the time we ask them to come back and be with us in life. This is the time of learning that man is both light and dark, and that both have their place in life and need. And so those lost parts of ourselves come, tentatively sometimes, because they always wanted to be in us but they too must learn to trust us, open their hearts and open to the possibility of loss.
.
We are begin to see ourselves as a spirit of spirits--as a collective being with many levels of consciousness, feelings and mind. We learn to accept our potential for violence, our primitive instincts and needs, our losses, our need for love, and our need to be accepted by others as human and good. We come to see our vulnerability as precious even though it leads us into pain, and we recognize how Beautiful it is being human. We learn that Everything that is arises from Basic Goodness, and that our nature is Basic Goodness.
.
We are learning to love ourselves at last. At the same time, we are learning to work with fear, with loss, with issues of power and manipulation, and with love.
.
We are constantly seeking knowledge, asking questions, and finding answers which are not necessarily the ones we once accepted. Yet at the same time, those answers are only alternative points of view in life’s movement and illusions. The mind for a long while grasps at these answers, hoping for a definitive response from the Universe which, once and for all, will explain how things work, why has our life turned out the way it has, what more is expected of us, what should we do next?
.
Finally, the seeking mind collapses, exhausted by its seeking for answers and solutions where there are none but ourselves to decide, to do, to fail, or to try. The lesson over and over is that you are the One to choose and live, not as others--even any god or love lesson--might desire you to live. You get to choose and to lose (or win) if that is your own need.
.
Freedom is this. We are human. We are empowered by God, or the Universe if that is your point of view, to live His needs. When we learn in life to deny our needs, we suffer. When we are able to learn to accept those needs back and to live them, we find peace and, perhaps, joy or love. So we try to meet these needs long denied. Our attempts might fail, so losing is one possibility. Winning is also another possible outcome. But we learn how winning carries within it losing, and losing often holds within it the seeds for longer term growth. It needs to be seen how losing in one sense is also winning from another. Nothing is clear or unambiguous. We learn to find the light within the darkness, and to recognize the darkness within the light.
.
Our experiences move in spirals, leading us back to knowledge we disregarded or missed or misused so that we have new opportunities to integrate that knowledge. We are asked to be here now, "being present" is Spirit’s requirement to notice It is here too, within us, being us, asking us to be well so that it may help us be one with it.
.
Know that this is a highly personal journey you can choose to make. No one can tell you the way. You choose it and then walk it. Choose then. And see what you happens.
******************************************************************************
.
Consider the following reference materials to get started, if that is your wish:
.
Robert A. Johnson, Inner Work: Using Dreams & Active Imagination for Personal Growth (Harper Collins Publishers: 1986).
Once upon a time there was a miller. For years, he had been patiently serving his family and community by grinding out flour from grain brought to him by his neighbors and in return, earned an honest living. His horse pulled the great stone wheel around and around and slowly the corn was ground into soft, white flour. For many years, he lived in peace and harmony with his wife and innocent young daughter.
.
One day the Devil appeared at their door and told the miller, "For a fee, I will show you how to grind your grain with much less effort and much faster." The miller, intrigued, made a bargain with the devil, thinking, "anything that takes less work and gives greater out-put would make our lives much easier."
.
"What is your fee?", the miller asked.
.
"That which stands behind the mill," replied the Devil.
.
Recalling that the only thing which stood behind the mill was an old tree, the miller quickly agreed.
.
The Devil then showed the miller how to build a water wheel, create gears, and build the supporting infrastructure so that the flowing river did the work of turning the heavy grinding wheel. The delighted miller found that he could easily grind much more flour than before and the wealth of his family increased. Life was so much easier and all his family members had more leisure time to enjoy their lives. Neighbors all admired the creativity and resourcefulness of the miller for his new invention, and he recognized how he had become so much more important in the community.
.
One day soon after, the Devil appeared again at the miller’s door and demanded payment of his fee. Together, the two walked through the mill, passing through the back door to the mill. There, the miller encountered his young daughter standing beside the old tree. The Devil, to the miller’s horror, claimed the daughter as his fee. The miller was disconsolate, but was unwilling to give up the expanded productivity of his mill or his important new status in the community, so he reluctantly gave his daughter to the Devil. The Devil chopped off her hands and carried them away. His daughter stood and said nothing.
.
For some time, the handless maiden was content with her situation and did not complain. After all, all her needs were met and everything was done for her. There was enough money to have servants in the household, and she did not have to do anything that would require hands. Gradually however, she grew unhappy, depressed and withdrawn. Her mechanically served life became less and less pleasant, until finally, she began to weep and could not stop. Her parents could not see what she had to complain about; they now had their work and community projects and felt life was definitely better.
.
Finally, one night while her parents and all the servants were sleeping, she slipped out of the house and fled into the forest. Deep in the forest, scratched by the briars and bruised by her flight, she began to learn how to survive on her own. Gradually, she learned how to care for herself and at last found peace and solitude in the quiet naturalness of the Woods.
.
One day, during her daily walk through the Woods, she encountered a swamp. Struggling through the mud and pools of still water, she stumbled upon a beautiful landscaped garden. Hungry and weary from her struggle through the wasteland, she sees within the garden a pear tree. Without hands, she was only just able to reach one pear with her teeth and satisfy her hunger. Feeling she should not take more than she needs, she ate only one. Tired by her journey however, she stayed in the garden for several days, eating one pear a day to survive.
.
Unknown to her, her beautiful garden was the king’s garden. One day, the king’s gardener noticed that someone had been eating pears from the tree and tells the king. Both men then waited in hiding nearby to see who was taking his pears. The two saw the pathetic sight of the handless maiden struggling to eat her single pear of the day, and the king fell head over heals in love with her.
.
The king took the handless maiden home with him and made her his Queen. She implored him that she could not possibly be his Queen without her hands, but he assured her that he will take care of her and she will not need her hands.
.
She found nevertheless that it was very difficult to be Queen without her hands. She had to at least be graceful and beautiful, and greet and entertain guests at royal occasions. So the king called his magicians and commanded them to create a pair of silver hands for his queen. With her new silver hands, she became the talk of the court, and the fame of her grace and beauty spread throughout the land. But within the heart of the Queen, something was deeply wrong; she found that she felt isolated somehow, alone, purposeless, useless. She felt that other people lived, but she did not; she only watched from a distance.
.
In time, the Queen bore the King a son. Without real hands of course, the Queen could not care for the infant, but with all the servants, there was really no need for her to work. As she watched the servants care for her child, the Queen began to weep and could not stop her tears. She wanted to care for her own baby, but could not. So silently, in the dark of night, she wrapped her arms about her baby and slipped back into the forest.
.
During her flight through the forest, the Queen found that she must ford a rapidly flowing stream. In crossing, she faltered, and her baby slipped from her metal hands into the water. Panicking, she cried to her servants to save her child, forgetting for an instant that she was alone. But realizing that there was now no one else but herself to save her baby, she plunged her useless silver hands into the stream to grasp at the child. Somehow she found the strength to hold the child, and when she drew the child from the water, she saw that a miracle had occurred. Her useless silver hands had been transformed into hands of flesh and blood!